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  <h1>🌳 进阶用法</h1>

<h2 id="_1">📰 设置表头</h2>
<p>用表格文件做数据采集的时候，要设置表头，我们可以把表头作为第一条数据通过<code>add_data()</code>方法添加到文件。但我们通常会使用同一段代码对一个文件进行多批次写入，如果每次都执行到这个语句，就会写入多个表头行。</p>
<p>因此设计了一个设置表头的方法<code>set.head()</code>，<code>Recorder</code>还有一个自动设置表头的功能。</p>
<h3 id="_2">📜 自动设置</h3>
<p>自动设置只有<code>Recorder</code>支持，同时满足两个条件就能自动激活：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>指定不存在的 csv 或 xlsx 文件</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>数据格式为<code>dict</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>写入数据时，程序会自动创建文件，同时会把第一条数据的<code>key</code>值作为表头添加到文件。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">DataRecorder</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;data.csv&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;姓名&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">&#39;张三&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;性别&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">&#39;男&#39;</span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>文件内容：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>性别</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>张三</td>
<td>男</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<h3 id="_3">📜 手动设置</h3>
<p><code>set.head()</code>方法可以为 xlsx 或 csv 文件设置表头，无论文件是否已创建。任何时候都可以使用。</p>
<p><code>Recorder</code>和<code>Filler</code>都支持此方法。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">DataRecorder</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;data.csv&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s1">&#39;姓名&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;性别&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_data</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s1">&#39;张三&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;男&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">注意</p>
<p><code>set.head()</code>会覆盖第一行内容，使用时要注意。</p>
</div>
<hr />
<h2 id="_4">🧩 自动匹配表头</h2>
<p>当操作 xlsx 或 csv 文件，且接收<code>dict</code>格式数据时，<code>Recorder</code>可根据表头自动匹配数据列。</p>
<p>该功能默认关闭，须主动打开：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fill_head</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><strong>示例：</strong></p>
<p>假设有如下表格文件：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: center;">姓名</th>
<th style="text-align: center;">性别</th>
<th style="text-align: center;">年龄</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">张三</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">男</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">20</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>执行以下代码：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">DataRecorder</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;demo.xlsx&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fit_head</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;姓名&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;李四&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;年龄&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;性别&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;女&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;来自&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;陕西&#39;</span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>运行结果：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: center;">姓名</th>
<th style="text-align: center;">性别</th>
<th style="text-align: center;">年龄</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">张三</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">男</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">李四</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">女</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">25</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>可见，插入数据时会自动按照表头排序，且忽略表头不存在的列。</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="_5">🔖 为每条数据添加固定前后缀</h2>
<p>有些时候，数据采集的时候要为该批次每条数据都录入同一个内容，比如日期。我们当然可以直接在数据里面加上这些列，但有一个更方便的方法，可以减少这些内容对采集代码的干扰。就是<code>before</code>和<code>after</code>属性。</p>
<p>顾名思义，<code>before</code>是在每条数据记录的时候在前面添加一些固定列，<code>after</code>则是在后面。</p>
<p><code>Recorder</code>和<code>Filler</code>支持这两个属性，<code>ByteRecorder</code>不支持。</p>
<p>下面这个示例，采集 gitee 开源项目前 5 页。此示例使用 <a href="http://g1879.gitee.io/drissionpage">DrissionPage</a> 进行页面访问和解析。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">DrissionPage</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">SessionPage</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">DataRecorder</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">page</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">recorder</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;获取一页信息并添加到记录器&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a>    <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SessionPage</span><span class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># 创建页面对象</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a>    <span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s1">&#39;https://gitee.com/explore/all?page=</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">page</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a>    <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 访问页面</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a>    <span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;.ui relaxed divided items explore-repo__list&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;.item&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a>    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># 遍历所有行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a>        <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>  <span class="c1"># 产生一行数据</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a>            <span class="s1">&#39;page&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">page</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a>            <span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;.title project-namespace-path&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a>            <span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;.project-desc mb-1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a>            <span class="s1">&#39;stars&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;.stars-count&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a>        <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a>        <span class="n">recorder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 把一条数据放入记录器</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a>    <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;data.xlsx&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 创建记录器</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a>    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># 遍历5页</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a>        <span class="n">get_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a>    <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>文件内容：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>page</th>
<th>title</th>
<th>content</th>
<th>stars</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>RTduino/RTduino</td>
<td>RT-Thread的Arduino生态兼容层</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>zu1k/nali</td>
<td>An offline tool for querying IP geographic information and CDN provider.一个查询IP地理信息和CDN服务提供商的离线终端工具.</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>徐小夕/dooringx</td>
<td>开箱即用的H5可视化搭建框架，轻松搭建自己的可视化搭建平台</td>
<td>31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>以下省略。。。</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>我们希望在前面增加一列用于记录采集日期，在后面添加一列记录采集人，这些列每一行都一样，因此可以统一写在<code>before</code>和<code>after</code>属性中。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;data.xlsx&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">before</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">&#39;date&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;2022-06-10&#39;</span><span class="p">})</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">after</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">&#39;staff&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;g1879&#39;</span><span class="p">})</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>现在删掉刚才的文件重新执行采集，得到以下文件内容：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>date</th>
<th>page</th>
<th>title</th>
<th>content</th>
<th>stars</th>
<th>staff</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>2022-06-10</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>RTduino/RTduino</td>
<td>RT-Thread的Arduino生态兼容层</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>g1879</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2022-06-10</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>zu1k/nali</td>
<td>An offline tool for querying IP geographic information and CDN provider.一个查询IP地理信息和CDN服务提供商的离线终端工具.</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>g1879</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2022-06-10</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>徐小夕/dooringx</td>
<td>开箱即用的H5可视化搭建框架，轻松搭建自己的可视化搭建平台</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>g1879</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>以下省略。。。</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>也许您已经注意到，代码没有执行<code>set.head()</code>，但前后两列的<code>key</code>值也加到表头里去了。</p>
<p>而且这两个属性还支持多列，可以接收<code>list</code>、<code>tuple</code>、<code>dict</code>等，添加前后列。</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">注意</p>
<p><code>DBRecorder</code>设置的<code>after</code>和<code>before</code>如果不是<code>dict</code>格式，而<code>add_data()</code>传入的数据是<code>dict</code>格式，<code>after</code>和<code>before</code>设置会被忽略。</p>
</div>
<hr />
<h2 id="_6">🧵 多线程写入文件</h2>
<p>做数据采集的时候经常用到多线程，多线程同时记录到文件容易产生冲突。本库为多线程数据采集提供了支持，只要在主线程中创建记录器对象，分发到各个采集线程中使用即可。用法和单线程一致，可避免写入冲突。</p>
<p>现在继续用上面的示例，创建 5 个线程分别爬取 gitee 开源项目前 5 页，每个线程接收同一个记录器对象，往里面添加数据。只要一个小改动，把对<code>get_list()</code>的调用放入线程里即可。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="c1"># 单线程：</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a>    <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;data.xlsx&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 创建记录器</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a>    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># 编历5页</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a>        <span class="n">get_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="c1"># 多线程：</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a>    <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Recorder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;data.xlsx&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 创建记录器</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a>    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># 创建5个线程分别获取1-5页</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a>        <span class="n">Thread</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">get_list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>文件内容：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>page</th>
<th>title</th>
<th>content</th>
<th>stars</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>RichardoMu/yolov5-mask-detect</td>
<td>A C++ implementation of Yolov5 to detect mask running in Jetson Xavier nx and Jetson nano.</td>
<td>17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>RichardoMu/yolov5-smoke-detection-python</td>
<td>A Python implementation of Yolov5 to detect whether peaple smoking in Jetson Xavier nx and Jetson nano</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>RichardoMu/yolov5-smoking-detect</td>
<td>A C++ implementation of Yolov5 to detect peaple smoking running in Jetson Xavier nx and Jetson nano.</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>以下省略。。。</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">注意</p>
<p>因为是多线程采集，文件内容并不是按顺序添加。</p>
</div>





                
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